Personal data governance in the digital economies of Vietnam and Kazakhstan: implementation challenges, cybersecurity risks and bilateral cooperation

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the legal regulation of personal data in two developing countries – Vietnam and Kazakhstan. Both countries are demonstrating significant progress in the developing of e-commerce. Despite their success, they face a number of risks and challenges, especially in the field of legal regulation. The given article evaluates recent legislative initiatives aimed at building transparent e-commerce system and highlights some of the vulnerabilities that may be encountered in practice. To mitigate the issues discussed, the authors propose a number of solutions including in the field of mutual cooperation.